Knee Mechanics
KNEE RESTRAINTS - Sectioning Studies
|
Primary Restraints |
Secondary Restraints |
| Anterior translation |
ACL |
- iliotibial band: 24%
- mid medial capsule: 22%
- mid lateral capsule: 20%
- MCL: 16%
- LCL: 12%
- Meniscii
|
Posterior translation |
PCL (large anterior bundle more NB progressively from 0 to 90 degrees) |
LCL |
Internal rotation |
ACL |
POL/PMC has secondary effect within 0 - 45 degrees |
External rotation |
Popliteofibular ligament
LCL and the posterolateral complex - mainly at 30 degrees flexion
MCL - at all degrees of flexion |
POL/PMC |
Valgus |
Superficial MCL is the primary restraint to valgus stress at all angles (least effect at full extension)
Postero-Medial Capsule is tightened at full extension; past 30 degrees it slackens
Deep MCL (medial capsular ligament) has little resistance to valgus load |
Posterior Oblique ligament (POL) - especially near or at full extension
ACL |
Varus
|
LCL in all positions of flexion. Greatest effect at 30 degrees, least at full extension |
Posterolateral structures (Popliteofibular lig.)
ACL |
Posterolateral Structures:
-
Arcuate Ligament
-
Fibular Collat ligament
-
Popliteus tendon
-
Popliteofibular ligament
- fibers originate from the popliteal tendon and insert onto the fibula
- deep to the arcuate ligament and its fibers orientation are opposite from the arcuate ligament
- See Pictures - posterior & lateral
Details of Sectioning Studies
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Total Knee Replacement
